STEDT Etymon #417
1.0 The Body > 1.5 Limbs, Joints, and Body Measures > 1.5.4 Hoof/Paw
#417 PTB *s-k(w/r)a HOOF |
Because of Qiangic cognates with initial p‑, this root was reconstructed with an extrusional *pʷ‑ initial in Matisoff 2000: #12, “An Extrusional Approach to *p‑/w‑ Variation in Sino-Tibetan” (referred to in passing in HPTB:61, n. 86).
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 515680 | 417 | 2012 | k/|s-|pʷa | hoof | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 608 | 0 | |
| 515265 | 417 | 2012 | kwa | hoof | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 597 | 0 | |
| 172070 | m,417 | 963 | nong◦khu | hoof | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 168941 | p,417 | 963 | n◦khu | hoof | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 305821 | 417 | 1470 | kho | hoof | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Bhat 69 TNV | Bhat-TNV | 91 | 0 | |
| 172079 | m,417,m | 531 | ya◦kho◦long | hoof | Dimasa | 80 | 1.7.1.1 | Bodo | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 452252 | 417 | 1964 | khwa | hoof | Sak | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Huziwara 08 Sak | HK-Sak | 313a | 1 | |
| 337744 | 417,m | 1788 | khŏ◦cöb | hoof | n | Kanauri | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Bailey 11 | BAI1911 | 0 | |
| 116690 | 417,m | 732 | kho◦cöb | hoof | Kanauri | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 358764 | m,417 | 1848 | rȵuk xa | hoof | n | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.05 | 0 |
| 188911 | m,417 | 1550 | hȵək kwa | hoof | Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.4 | 0 | |
| 116685 | m,417 | 1568 | ra-sgo | hoof | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 358763 | m,417 | 1837 | hȵəχ kwa | hoof | n | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.04 | 0 |
| 62269 | 417 | 1174 | khu: | hoof (of animal) | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Shakya 89 | SH-KNw | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 270006 | 417 | 1166 | khwa(1) | hoof | n | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 03a.032 | 0 |
| 116699 | 417 | 1169 | khwa(l) | hoof | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 323797 | 417,m | 1789 | khwā◦rā | hoof | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Genetti 90 NeQ2 | CG-NewariQ2 | 0 | ||
| 469533 | 417 | 1970 | kwej | hoof | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Li 97 Tangut | LFW1997 | 1749 | 0 | |
| 17708 | 417 | 1491 | kɪ̯ei | hoof (of animal) | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Dai 89 Xixi | DQ-Xixia | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 128772 | p,417 | 562 | n◦khuɑ⁵⁵ | hoof | Ersu | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErsQ | SHK-ErsCQ | 0 | ||
| 188918 | p,417 | 561 | n◦khuɑ⁵⁵ | hoof | Ersu | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.18 | 0 | |
| 128931 | p,417 | 594 | n◦gɑ³⁵ | hoof | Guiqiong | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 GuiQ | SHK-GuiqQ | 0 | ||
| 188892 | p,417 | 595 | n◦gɑ³⁵ | hoof | Guiqiong | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.17 | 0 | |
| 358777 | m,417 | 1813 | ŋu⁵⁵khua⁵³ | hoof | n | Lyuzu | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.18 | 0 |
| 358774 | 417,m | 1810 | quə³³tshə⁵³ | hoof | n | Muya | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.15 | 0 |
| 188891 | 417,m | 1136 | quɐ³³tshɯ⁵³ | hoof | Muya [Minyak] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.15 | 0 | |
| 129794 | 417,m | 1135 | quɐ³³tsʰɯ⁵³ | hoof (of animal) | Muya [Minyak] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 MuyQ | SHK-MuyaQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 188893 | 417,m | 1147 | qha⁵⁵tsɛ³³ | hoof | Namuyi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.19 | 0 | |
| 129951 | 417,m | 1146 | qʰa⁵⁵tsɛ³³ | hoof (of animal) | Namuyi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 NamQ | SHK-NamuQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 358805 | 417,m | 1844 | qha⁵⁵tsæ³¹ | hoof | n | Namuyi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.46 | 0 |
| 358769 | 417,m | 1805 | kuɑ³⁵sɑ⁵⁵ | hoof | n | Pumi (Jiulong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.10 | 0 |
| 358768 | 417 | 1853 | fpɑ⁵⁵ | hoof | n | Pumi (Lanping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.09 | 0 |
| 42768 | 417 | 1304 | spɑ⁵⁵ | hoof | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Lu 83 Pumi | JZ-Pumi | 0 | ||
| 188890 | 417 | 1306 | spɑ⁵⁵ | hoof | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.11 | 0 | |
| 42917 | 417,m | 1307 | kua⁵⁵ ɬa⁵⁵ | hoof | Pumi (Taoba) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Lu 83 Pumi | JZ-Pumi | 0 | ||
| 188914 | 417,m | 1309 | kua⁵⁵ɬa⁵⁵ | hoof | Pumi (Taoba) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.10 | 0 | |
| 507027 | m,417 | 1996 | tsú kə̀ | hoof | Qiang (Longxi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 330 | 0 | |
| 358767 | m,417 | 1852 | tʃuə◦χ | hoof | n | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.08 | 0 |
| 188913 | m,417 | 1320 | ʁdʐi ku | hoof | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.8 | 0 | |
| 129268 | m,417 | 1319 | ʁdʐi kuə̥ | hoof (of animal) | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 MawQ | SHK-MawoQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 43049 | m,417 | 1317 | ʁdʐi◦ku | hoof | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 81 Qia | JZ-Qiang | 0 | ||
| 17922 | m,417 | 1325 | tʂuə◦χ | hoof | Qiang (Yadu) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Dai 89 Qian | DQ-QiangN | 330 | 0 | |
| 358772 | 417,m | 1808 | qa⁵⁵ɕye⁵⁵ | hoof | n | Queyu (Xinlong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.13 | 0 |
| 131188 | m,417 | 1698 | ȵe⁵⁵ kʰø⁵³ | hoof (of animal) | Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZhaQ | SHK-ZhabQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 188917 | m,417 | 1699 | ȵe⁵⁵khø⁵³ | hoof | Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.16 | 0 | |
| 358773 | 417 | 1809 | khui⁵⁵ | hoof | n | Zhaba (Daofu County) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.14 | 0 |
| 358813 | 417,m | 1809 | khui⁵⁵tɕhʌ⁵⁵ | hoof | n | Zhaba (Daofu County) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.14 | 0 |
| 13645 | 417,m | 559 | qua le | hoof (of animal) | Ergong (Daofu) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Dai 89 Daof | DQ-Daofu | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 129623 | 417 | 558 | ʐko | hoof (of animal) | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErDQ | SHK-ErgDQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 188916 | 417 | 557 | ʐko | hoof | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.14 | 0 | |
| 14069 | p,417 | 606 | ta ka | hoof (of animal) | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Dai 89 Jiar | DQ-Jiarong | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 188915 | p,417 | 1340 | ta ka | hoof | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.12 | 0 | |
| 130186 | p,417 | 616 | ta◦ka | hoof (of animal) | rGyalrong (Eastern) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rEQ | SHK-rGEQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 130506 | p,417 | 617 | ta◦qa | hoof (of animal) | rGyalrong (Northern) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rNQ | SHK-rGNQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 330999 | p,m,417 | 1797 | tə-me-qʰɐ | hoof | Caodeng | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 Cao | JS-Caodeng | 0 | ||
| 358770 | p,417 | 1806 | tɑ kɑ | hoof | n | rGyalrong (Maerkang) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.11 | 0 |
| 329489 | p,417 | 1796 | ta ka | hoof of animal | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 97 GyQ | Gyarong.Nag | 6.2.68 | 0 | |
| 333118 | p,417 | 1799 | ta-kaʔ | hoof | rGBenzhen | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 rGB | JS-rGBenzhe | 0 | ||
| 188931 | m,417,m | 269 | ŋ³¹gɯ³¹ȵi³¹ | hoof | Anong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.44 | 0 | |
| 127378 | m,417 | 1612 | di²¹ kʰo²¹ | hoof (of animal) | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Chen 86 TuMQ | CK-TujMQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 43502 | m,417 | 1617 | di²¹ kʰo²¹ | hoof | Tujia (Southern) | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Tian 86 | JZ-Tujia | 0 | ||
| 358808 | m,417 | 1847 | thi²¹kho³⁵ | hoof | n | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.49 | 0 |
| 188928 | m,417 | 1615 | thi²¹kho³⁵ | hoof | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.38 | 0 | |
| 457902 | m,417 | 1966 | ti3kuo3 | hoof | n. | Tujia (Northern) | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Brassett 04 Tujia | PCB-Tujia | 0 | |
| 454057 | m,417 | 1967 | ti³kuo³ | hoof | Tujia (Northern) | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Brassett 06 Tujia | BBL-TL | 3.2 | 0 | |
| 127231 | m,417 | 1611 | tʰi²¹ kʰo³⁵ | hoof (of animal) | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Chen 86 TuBQ | CK-TujBQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 43355 | m,417 | 1616 | tʰi²¹ kʰo³⁵ | hoof | Tujia (Northern) | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Tian 86 | JZ-Tujia | 0 | ||
| 358786 | 417 | 1823 | khwɑ²² | hoof | n | Burmese (Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.27 | 0 |
| 188929 | 417 | 1428 | khwɑ²² | hoof | Burmese (Spoken Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.40 | 0 | |
| 172078 | 417 | 392 | khwā | hoof | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 116679 | 417 | 396 | khwa | hoof | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 439989 | 417 | 406 | khwa | hoof | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 188903 | 417 | 411 | khwɑ² | hoof | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.39 | 0 | |
| 358785 | 417 | 1822 | khwɑɑ² | hoof | n | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.26 | 0 |
| 453231 | 417 | 1965 | khwa | hoof | Marma | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huziwara 08 Sak | HK-Sak | 313a | 0 | |
| 358806 | m,m,417,m | 1845 | (ŋ³¹) thi²⁴kho²⁴mɛ³³ | hoof | n | Gazhuo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.47 | 0 |
| 13830 | m,m,417 | 584 | m³¹ thi²⁴ kho²⁴ | hoof (of animal) | Gazhuo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 Gazh | DQ-Gazhuo | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 283665 | 417 | 1194 | kha³³ | hoof | Nosu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 6.2.6.8 | 0 | |
| 358793 | 417 | 1831 | khua³³ | hoof | n | Nusu (Central) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.34 | 0 |
| 188906 | 417 | 1215 | khuɑ³⁵ | hoof | Nusu (Bijiang) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.45 | 0 | |
| 42337 | 417 | 1220 | kʰo³⁵ | hoof | Nusu (Southern) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun J 86 Nusu | JZ-Nusu | 0 | ||
| 16292 | 417 | 1216 | kʰua³³ | hoof | Nusu (Central) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 NusB | DQ-NusuB | 314. | 0 | |
| 16042 | 417 | 1218 | kʰua³⁵ | hoof | Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 NusA | DQ-NusuA | 314. | 0 | |
| 42617 | 417 | 1217 | kʰuɑ³⁵ | hoof | Nusu (Central) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun J 86 Nusu | JZ-Nusu | 0 | ||
| 188920 | 417 | 1658 | kho²¹ | hoof | Yi (Dafang) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.22 | 0 | |
| 43639 | 417 | 1656 | kʰo²¹ | hoof (horse) | Yi (Dafang) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 85 YiJZ | JZ-Yi | 0 | ||
| 459529 | 5623,417 | 1962 | bi⁵⁵ka³³ | hoof | Yi (Liangshan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 08 Yi | SIL-Nuosu | index | 0 | |
| 462518 | 1431,m,417 | 1962 | mu³³ɕɿ³³kha³³ | horse hoof | Yi (Liangshan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 08 Yi | SIL-Nuosu | index | 0 | |
| 464571 | m,417 | 1962 | ɕɿ³⁴kha³³ | hoof | Yi (Liangshan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 08 Yi | SIL-Nuosu | index | 0 | |
| 188894 | 417,m | 1670 | kha³³ ; bi⁵⁵ | hoof | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.21 | 0 | |
| 43911 | 417 | 1669 | kʰa³³ | hoof | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 85 YiJZ | JZ-Yi | 0 | ||
| 10281 | m,417 | 1667 | ɕɿ³³-kʰa³³ | hoof | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 79 YiCh | CSL-YIzd | 0 | ||
| 358814 | m,417 | 1832 | ɕɿ̄³³khɑ³³ | hoof (odd number) | n | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.35 | 0 |
| 517648 | 417,5623 | 1999 | kʰwɤ˥bie˥ | hoof | Laze (Xiangjiao) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 3951 | 0 | |
| 513820 | 417,5623 | 1998 | qʰwɤ˧bi˩ | hoof | Na (Yongning) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 0 | ||
| 513826 | 417,m | 1998 | qʰwɤ˧ʂe˩ | hoof | Na (Yongning) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 0 | ||
| 358804 | 417,5623 | 1843 | khuɑ³³be²¹ | hoof | n | Naxi | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0264.45 | 0 |
| 188923 | 417,5623 | 908 | khuɑ³³be³¹ | hoof | Naxi (Lijiang) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.28 | 0 | |
| 188898 | 417,5623 | 1676 | khuɑ³³bi³¹ | hoof | Naxi (Yongning) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.29 | 0 | |
| 129457 | 417,5623 | 1159 | kʰuɑ³³be³¹ | hoof | Naxi (Western) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | He 85 | JZ-Naxi | 0 | ||
| 126597 | 417,5623 | 1157 | kʰuɑ³³bi³¹ | hoof | Naxi (Eastern) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | He 85 | JZ-Naxi | 0 | ||
| 14756 | 417 | 747 | kʰɔ³¹ | hoof | Karen (Sgaw/Yue) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Dai 89 KarA | DQ-KarenA | 330 | 0 | |
| 188902 | 417,m | 311 | ko⁴⁴po²¹ | hoof | Bai (Bijiang) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.37 | 0 | |
| 188901 | 417,m | 314 | ko⁴⁴pɑ²¹ | hoof | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 175.35 | 0 | |
| 325818 | 417 | 1793 | kɔ ? | foot / hoof of an animal | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Dell 81 | Dell-Bai | 63 | 0 | |
| 19164 | 417 | 312 | kɔ⁰ | foot, / hoof | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Dell 81 | FD-Bai | pp.150-169 | 0 |