4.0 Kinship Terms, Ethnonyms, Social Roles > 4.1 Pronouns

#2530 PTB *ŋa-y ⪤ *ka I / ME / 1st p. PRONOUN / SELF

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

The variant of this root with final palatal semivowel is attested in Jingpho, Central Naga, and Qiangic languages. The variant with velar stop is found in Kuki-Chin, Kiranti, and Qiangic. Bodo-Garo has a metathesized form , which has probably arisen from syncope of a form with an *a‑ prefix, *a‑ŋa, which actually exists synchronically in Garo.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
770762530,2530168ngaɣ/ngayI*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH960
60684m,2530181ka ⪤ ŋaI*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
195452530174ŋaI*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Chou 72ACST58f-i0
723562530182ŋaI*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
51559425302012ŋa-|y1st person pronoun / self*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6050
75692530175ŋayI / self*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
303922530177ŋǎyI / self*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0700
722342530182ŋayI, self*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC2850
195142530174ŋɑI*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Chou 72ACST2a-g0
22942925301431goh⁵³ISulung [Puroik]41.1“North Assam”0Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.520
2832232530173ŋoːI*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST2140
1737482530287ŋoIApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1552592530285ŋóIApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1552602530286ŋoIApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1566962530,p,m286ŋo a-toʔmyselfApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1563232530,m286ŋɯ-mimeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1737492530333ŋuːIBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1552612530334ŋuːIBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1608342530,2504334ŋuː-ñiwe twoBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1737502530360ŋoːIBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1552622530365ŋoːIBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
39273925301820ŋoːIpronBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.240
2294032530368ŋoːIBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.510
4929142530,m1979`ŋo◦kəmypro.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4926562530,m1979`ŋo◦mme (obj.)pro.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4952582530,m1979`ŋo◦pəto mepro.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
49201825301979ŋoIpro.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
448942530564ŋoIGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
2182325301078ŋoIMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
218282530,m1078ŋo'◦mmeMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
218252530,m1078ŋo-kemyMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
218272530,m1078ŋo-pefor meMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
218242530,m1078ŋo◦k'myMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
218262530,m1078ŋo◦p'for meMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
32719325301792ngo1st sg.Nishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
3271952530,m1792ngu-lu1st pl.Nishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
46735m,2530,m,m1444dabin ŋa har-toDabin invited meTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
465522489,2530,m,5577,m,m1444no ŋa ka-ya-rɤ-diWill you wait for me?Tagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
467242489,2530,m,m,m1444no ŋa ka-ɟi-riWill you help me?Tagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
468542489,2530,m,m,m1444no ŋo hugubɤ mosit duŋWhy do you touch me?Tagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
46537m,2530,m,m1444no ŋo tɤnema mɯriksutokaanswer to my questionTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
464972530,m,m,m,m,m1444ŋo miŋ-dik miŋ-ku-doannoyed, I amTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
468592530,m,m,m,m,m1444ŋo◦m dak-rɯk-to (ka)turn to mev.Tagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
17375125301253ŋoIPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1552632530498ŋoːIDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
106925301070ŋaIMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
10962530,p,m,m1070ŋa-a-da-ŋumyselfMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
10752530,m,m1070ŋa-ki-kifrom meMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
10712530,m1070ŋak-kimyMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
10732530,m,m1070ŋak-ki legapifor meMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
3407202530,m1800hã dõfrom meDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
34095125301800hã:IDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
3398132530,m1800hã: thiya:belongs to meDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
3409522530,m1800hã:◦pa:I (only) / by myselfDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
3419442530,m1800hã:◦pa:I aloneDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
39273725301818xɑŋ³⁵IpronDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.220
2294022530509xɑŋ³⁵IDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.490
2294282530662ŋɑ³⁵IIdu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.500
39274025301821ŋɑ³⁵IpronYidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.250
50032625301920kay ⪤ kay-maʔI / ME / MY*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
44292725301930kei-mahI, mePaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
44292825301927ke-maISizang681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
29334125301509kéiIThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Thirumalai 72THI1972550
44292625301926kêyI, me, myThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
44292525301925kei¹ITiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
31397925301778kei¹ITiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5780
3139812530,m1778kei¹ ma?²ITiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5790
3277022530,25301794ˉkă/ˍkăI / my; we / our (exclusive)ppfTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
32773325301794ˊkeiInTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
3277342530,m1794ˊkei◦ˍmaʔInTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
35452530291čɛ̀iIAsho691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
44936825301957k̯eiIChinbon691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44936925301957tšeiIChinbon691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44292925301928keiICho (Mindat)691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
44832625301953k̯éⁱIDaai691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44293025301929kaay (pron)I (1s)Khumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
44992825301959kaiIKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44965025301958kaⁱIMatu691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44911625301956kéⁱIMkaang691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44886125301955k̯éiINgmüün691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44859925301954céⁱINyhmoye691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
45021125301960IWakung691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1670
44292225301947kày (maʔ)first person singular pronounLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
44292325301923káy màʔI, meLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
2537842530976kaILushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
588132530983kaILushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
35432530975kěiILushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
44292425301924kěiI, I myselfLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
31397825301779keiILushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5780
3139802530,m1779kei-maILushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5790
708852530984ŋeiselfLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC2850
44292125301921kéi māILakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2950
35442530804kèiIKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
25376125301019kaiIMaring111.3“Naga” Areal Group0Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
61919925302229ajI, ME (1SG)*Central Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.0400
61901525302228niI, ME (1SG)*Ao631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2420
61989825302226ni¹1sg (I/me)pro.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2420
62033025302231I, me (1sg)pro.Lotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.0400
2537572530963aILotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
61696925302220ameLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Murry 78LLC-ALV720
2537582530963aiILotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3168642530,6484961ā◦n̯āILotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
3167842530,7596961ā◦tsàcall meLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
35502530,6484962²a(-¹na)ILotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
25377025301364iISangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
355125301363²iISangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
25377725301640ngaiIYacham-Tengsa631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
25377825301672iIYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
355225301671²i |[²]IYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
53327125302064I*Bodo-Garo161.7.1Bodo-Garo1Burling 59 PBoRB-PB4420
35352530349IBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
3170502530350IBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
2537822530531angIDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
560002530803IKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
588112530578IGaro811.7.1.2Garo1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
714972530579IGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
35342530,m568aŋ-aIGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
4652372530,m1945ang-aIproGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 03 GaroRB-LMMG1.62-II:idx0
47321025301973angI, me, first person singularppronAtong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
50300025301987ãIDeori/Deuri831.7.1.4Deori1Jacquesson 05 DeuriFJ-LD0
788912530161ŋaᴬI*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN5060
25376425301188ngaINocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
354025301187²ŋa-INocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
353925301488¹ŋa(ʔ)ITangsa841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
25377425301489ngaITangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
25377525301490ngaITangsa (Yogli)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2537512530429ngoIChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
35372530428ŋàiIChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
35362530428ŋòIChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
35382530,m786¹²ŋɤ-²³ɤʔIKhiamngan851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
35412530810IKonyak (Tamlu)851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
25376725301281ngeiIPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
48827425301978ŋʌy³³IPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Burling 98 PhomBP-PPWL0
25377625301628kuIWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2537832530669ngaiIJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
35332530667²ŋaiIJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
295492530672ŋāiIJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0700
322462530676ŋāiI / meJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1070
708842530685ŋaiI, weJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC2850
3348172530679ŋai³³IJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
39273425301814ŋai³³IpronJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.190
2294012530690ŋai³³IJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.470
45242425301964ŋaI / meSak401.7.3.2Asakian1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak4130
47870525301976ŋaIBaram202.1.1Western Himalayish0Kansakar 10 BaramTRK-Baram2020
3366942530,m1788aṅ◦kōʻin my direction / towards meadvKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
2685262530721ngāIKaike222.1.2Bodic1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
29881825301093ŋe³⁵ITshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
22940625301092ŋe¹³ITshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.60
39272125301850ŋe³⁵IpronCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.060
39272025301848ŋæIpronTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.050
22940525301550ŋaITibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.40
22938125301585ŋaITibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.50
3617925301584ŋæITibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo3810
29188025301586ŋa·ITibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975770
39271825301826ŋa²³¹IpronTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.030
2685272530701'ngāITibetan (Jirel)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
22938025301380ŋa¹³ITibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.30
39271725301815ŋa¹³IpronTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.020
22940425301557ŋa¹³ITibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.20
26852825301402ngaITibetan (Sherpa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
6901425301427ŋáITibetan (Spiti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sharma, S.R. 79 SpSRS-PSS0
6901525301427ŋoITibetan (Spiti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sharma, S.R. 79 SpSRS-PSS0
25378725301564ṅaITibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3796325301575ngaITibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib3810
5880825301577ŋaITibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
7149325301578ŋaITibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
39271625301804ŋaIpronTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.010
22937925301582ŋaITibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.10
2954825301569ŋedI, we (elegant)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0700
7088325301578ŋedITibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC2850
39271925301837ŋaIpronTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.040
50473925301988goIpron.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Plaisier 07 LepchaHP-GL0
1758312530172ᴬʰŋaI, me*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2160
2685192530596ngāIGurung232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
2685202530596ngā:IGurung232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
2685212530596ngāqIGurung232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
1758342530600²ŋaI, meGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2170
1758482530600¹ŋaI, meGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2200
1758492530600¹ŋaːI, meGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2200
645552530604ŋaIGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur1.10
645572530604ŋaqIGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur1.10
645562530604ŋaːIGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur1.10
803842530999ŋa²IManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangish1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man4130
2086025301002³ŋəIManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak02270
17583025301003¹ŋɤI, meManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2160
17582425301456¹ŋaI, meTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2160
26852225301457ngāITamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
17582525301462¹ŋaI, meTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2160
12291025301464ŋaITamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu1.10
12402225301464ŋaIadj.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu12.E.100
17583825301467¹ŋaI, meTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2180
26852325301520ngaIThakali232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
17584725301524⁵⁴ŋʌI, meThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2200
17583925301526⁵⁵ŋaI, meThakali (Syang)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2180
6777325301531ŋɔIThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak1.10
17584625301530ᴴŋəI, meThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2200
588122530520kaIDhimal602.1.5Dhimal1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
53343125302068-ŋa(first person singular marker)*Kiranti292.3Kiranti1Opgenort 11 TilungJRO-Tilung0
4412842530,25301625aŋ-kaIWaling292.3Kiranti1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
47729825301975aŋaI; myAthpare (Rai)312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Ebert 97 AthpareKE-GA0
47728325301975IAthpare (Rai)312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Ebert 97 AthpareKE-GA0
3530p,2530910a◦ŋgaʔILimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
73986p,2530911i◦ŋgaILimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
3531p,2530910i◦ŋgaʔILimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
35322530910ŋgaʔILimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
441286p,2530918ə◦ŋaILimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
4412852530,25301344ka-ŋaIRodong762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
724712530547I, me.Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
2685302530752'ungIKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
7149425301328IRai772.3.3Central Kiranti1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
1201052530641my, mepron poHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 H2BM-Hay0
26852925301433goISunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
4950725301545goIThulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Allen 75NJA-Thulung0
2685322530441ngaIChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
48076125301977ŋaIpn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
633432530449ŋaIChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep1.10
4807662530,m1977ŋa.laŋI (ch.)pn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
2685252530759'ngā:IKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
2685242530990ngāIMagar282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0010
46983025301970ŋaI, we [pronoun]Tangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199720980
46909625301970ŋəITangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199712470
2293862530595ŋø³⁵IGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.170
39273125301811ŋə³⁵IpronGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.160
39273025301810ŋə⁵³IpronMuya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.150
42544225301810ŋɐ²⁴be (1st person)v.Muya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1628.150
22938525301136ŋɯ⁵⁵IMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.150
22938725301147ŋa⁵⁵INamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.190
39276125301844ŋa⁵⁵IpronNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.460
50913525301996qàI, meQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang13590
5881425301318kaIQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
39272325301852IpronQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.080
22940725301320IQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.80
50913625301997ŋàI (nominative)Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang13590
5091402530,m,2504,m1997ŋà-lè-(nə̀-qó)we two [I-he-two-CL]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang13600
2293832530,25301323ŋɑ⁵⁵; qɑ⁵⁵IQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.90
22941125301699ŋa³⁵IQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.160
39272825301808ŋa¹³IpronQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.130
39276725301808ŋɯ¹³IpronQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.130
39276825301812ŋa⁵⁵IpronXumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.170
39273225301812ŋɛ³⁵IpronXumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.170
22941325301409ŋɐ⁵⁵IXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.200
39272925301809ŋa¹³IpronZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.140
39272725301807ŋaIpronDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.120
2294102530557ŋɛIErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.140
58514825302202ˊŋaI, meNyagrong Minyag (Ganzi Xinlong)353.3rGyalrongic1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58551825302203ŋâI, meLavrung (Jinchuan Guaninqiao)353.3rGyalrongic1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58593925302204ŋəI, meLavrung (Maerkang Muerzong)353.3rGyalrongic1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58452725302201ŋəʔI, meGanzi Danba Geshenzha783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55586425302140'ŋaʔI, merGyalrong (Heishui Luhua)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
53842125302104ŋaI, merGyalrong (Aba Kehe Shuiricun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
54844325302119ŋaI, merGyalrong (Aba Rongan Menggucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55172125302130ŋaI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Bawang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55339125302134ŋaI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Niega Jiaju)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55421325302136ŋaI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Jiasikong kharjiacun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55462425302137ŋaI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Kongse Xiaoguoqiaocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55503925302138ŋaI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Xianshuizhen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55668725302142ŋaI, merGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo Muchang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56420425302158ŋaI, merGyalrong (Lixian Ganbao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56460925302159ŋaI, merGyalrong (Lixian Guergou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56748925302167ŋaI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Baiwan Muerji)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57284825302175ŋaI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57326825302176ŋaI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57741725302184ŋaI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57834825302186ŋaI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Zhuokeji Xisuo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57916625302188ŋaI, merGyalrong (Rangtang Puxi siyaowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58039525302191ŋaI, merGyalrong (Rangtang Zongke)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58706525302166ŋaI, merGyalrong (Lixian Xuecheng Jiamizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
22940925301340ŋaIrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.120
60859725302170ŋa22I, merGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (B))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57029125302169ŋa44I, merGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
60910325302171ŋa44I, merGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (C))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56667525302164ŋa¹I, merGyalrong (Lixian Xiameng Xiaogoucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55627325302141ŋaʔI, merGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55709825302143ŋaʔI, merGyalrong (Hongyuan Rangkou Jiadang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55750925302144ŋaʔI, merGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56790925302168ŋaʔI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Benzhen Yingbolo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57463325302178ŋaʔI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Jiamuzu Konglong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57628825302183ŋaʔI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Soman Seermi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55255125302132ŋoI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dandong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55380125302135ŋoI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56093725302150ŋoI, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Jimu Zhouchan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56176025302152ŋoI, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Maerbang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56258725302154ŋoI, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Maori Maori)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56339525302156ŋoI, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Taiyanghe)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56585125302162ŋoI, merGyalrong (Lixian Putou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56707525302165ŋoI, merGyalrong (Lixian Xinglong Kechun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58080925302192ŋoI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Bajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58163925302194ŋoI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58288225302197ŋoI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58411525302200ŋoI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
54887125302120ŋo44I, merGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Leilecun Duoguozu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55087625302124ŋo53I, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55831225302146ŋo³I, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Dusong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56217925302153ŋo³I, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56381025302157ŋo³I, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Wanlin Xilizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
54929225302121ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Yuojie)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56300325302155ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Sawajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56501925302160ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56543725302161ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Lixian Miyalo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57793225302185ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Songgang Zhibo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58122525302193ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Dawei)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58205025302195ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Hanniu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
58370025302199ŋoʔI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Xingge)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56052025302149ŋoʔ³I, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Hedong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
56009225302148ŋôI, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Guaninqiao Wobzi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55919225302147ŋæʔI, merGyalrong (Jinchuan Erkai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55544525302139ŋəI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Seda Geletuo Naoluocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57586825302182ŋəI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Ribu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57875225302187ŋəI, merGyalrong (Queyu Gala)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57958025302189ŋəI, merGyalrong (Rangtang Puxicun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
57998625302190ŋəI, merGyalrong (Rangtang Shili Erguowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55297425302133ŋəʔI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dasang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
39272625301806ŋɑIpronrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.110
56626225302163ŋɑ¹I, merGyalrong (Lixian Shangmeng Rajipu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
5832872530,m2198ŋɡoʔ / joʔI, merGyalrong (Xiaojin Rilong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
575049p,25302180ʔə◦'ŋəI, merGyalrong (Maerkang Kangshan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55000325302122ˉŋoˀI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Munashan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
55047425302123ˊŋoI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Qiongshan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
32960625301796ngaIrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 97 GyQGyarong.Nag420
55213525302131ŋaI, merGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Bianer)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
33314725301799ŋaʔIrGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
5880925301203ŋaIAnong384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
7149625301205ŋaIAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
50237625301982ŋɑ³¹me (1st person pronoun)Rawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang9460
39273625301817ŋɑ⁵⁵IpronNung384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.210
2294252530269ŋɑ⁵⁵IAnong384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.440
39273525301816ŋɑ⁵³IpronDulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.200
2294262530537ŋɑ⁵³ITrung [Dulong]384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.460
588062530539ŋa⁵³ITrung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
2997902530540gɯ⁵⁵ITrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
588072530541gɯ⁵⁵ITrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
45713925301966nga2I, mepron.Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 04 TujiaPCB-Tujia0
4571412530,m1966nga2duo3I myselfpron.Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 04 TujiaPCB-Tujia0
45720725301966ngo1I, mepron.Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 04 TujiaPCB-Tujia0
45802025301966ngo2I, mepron.Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 04 TujiaPCB-Tujia0
45801925301966wo1I, mepron.Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 04 TujiaPCB-Tujia0
28935325301616ŋa³⁵ITujia (Northern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
39276425301847ŋa³⁵IpronTujia415Tujia1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.490
22942225301615ŋa³⁵ITujia415Tujia1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.380
29026925301617ŋo³³ITujia (Southern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
35282530138ŋa¹I*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
2884122530201ŋɑ⁵⁵IAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
39274325301824ŋɔ⁵⁵IpronAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.280
2293982530200ŋɔ⁵⁵IAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.410
2875882530207ŋa³¹IAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
39274425301825ŋɔ⁵⁵IpronAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.290
39274725301829ŋa⁵⁵IpronBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.320
1628242530383ŋā³IBurmese (Modern)446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
39274225301823ŋɑ²²IpronBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.270
1628222530386ŋa³IBurmese (Spoken)446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
22942325301428ŋɑ²²IBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.400
2537812530392ṅā:IBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
35222530390ŋaIBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
1628232530393ŋāIBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
1331992530394ŋaIBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
308132530399ŋaIBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM980
322472530401ŋaI / meBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1070
4397382530406ŋaI ( cf. ŋa' )Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
588102530407ŋaIBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB220
714952530409ŋaIBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC4060
4397352530406ŋaʼ( obj. and poss. of ŋa = 'I' )Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
2293972530411ŋɑ²IBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.390
39274125301822ŋɑɑ²IpronBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.260
1628262530502ŋɑ⁴IDanu446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
2339522530,2530653ŋáʼ, ŋáhI / myHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
1628252530652ŋɑhIHpun (Metjo)446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
39274625301828ŋɔ³¹IpronLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.310
1628282530889ŋɔ⁴ILashi (Lachhe')446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
39274825301830ŋo³¹IpronLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.330
45340425301965ŋaI / meMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak4130
352425301023ŋòIMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
22939925301034ŋɔ³¹IMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.430
16282725301499ŋɑ⁴ITaung-Yo446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
352325301679ŋôIAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
39274525301827ŋo⁵¹IpronAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.300
22942425301693ŋo⁵¹IAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.420
16282925301681ŋɔ²IAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBS.10
35292530151C-|ŋa¹I*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
118532530152C-|ŋa¹I*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo4380
1331982530153C-|ŋa¹I*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
31149525301790C-|ŋa¹IPNL456.1.2Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
1422552530586ŋa³³IGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 91 TB15DHFRL0
39276225301845ŋa³³IpronGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.470
31230725301781ŋa⁵⁵ILalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
31251025301782ŋo³³ILipho466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
31271325301783ŋo²¹INasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
31291625301791ŋo²¹INeisu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
31210425301163ŋo²¹INesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
31311925301785ŋa³³INosu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
39274925301831ŋa³³IpronNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.340
33572625301219ŋa³¹INusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
33662425301220ŋɔ⁵⁵INusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
22940025301215ŋɑ³⁵INusu (Bijiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.450
22941425301658ŋo²¹IYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.220
46271625301962ŋa³³I; meYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
46272325301962ŋa³⁴I; meYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4627212530,m1962ŋa⁵⁵vi³³mine (belonging to me)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
22939025301662ŋo³³IYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.250
22941625301663ŋo²¹IYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.260
39275225301834ŋo³³IpronYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.370
22941525301664ŋo³³IYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.240
22938925301666ŋɑ⁵⁵IYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.230
39275125301833ŋɑ⁵⁵IpronYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.360
39275325301835ŋu¹¹IpronYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.380
22938825301670ŋa³³IYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.210
39275025301832ŋɑ³³IpronYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.350
31190125301780ŋo²IAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
2294202530696ŋɔ³¹IJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.340
3016132530700ŋɔ⁴²IJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
3018532530699ŋɔ⁴²I / meJinuo (Buyuan)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
39275925301842ŋɔ⁴²IpronJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.440
35262530830ŋǎILahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
39275825301841ŋɑ³¹IpronLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.430
322482530838ŋàI / meLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1070
2293942530851ŋᴀ³¹ILahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.330
3028742530856ŋa²ILahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
2855522530943ngwa⁴I / me / myLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2858302530,m943ngwa⁴-rgh⁵mine (belonging to me)Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2858292530,m,m943ngwa⁴-tá¹-ma³mine (belonging to me)Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2786572530,m,m946ŋa³³ ɔ³³ dʑɔ²¹I hear; it is saidPfLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2786802530,m,m946ŋa⁴⁴ ɔ³³ dʑɔ²¹it is said; I have heard thatLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
39275525301838ŋuɑ³³IpronLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.400
2293912530942ŋuɑ⁴⁴ILisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.270
35252530921ŋwāILisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
2787792530946ŋwa⁴⁴IPLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
31169825301786ŋa³³ISani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS38.0
39275425301836ŋɒ³³IpronYi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.390
35272530226ŋáIAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1970
1345582530243ŋáIAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
1345592530244ŋáIAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
1332002530228ŋáiAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
1420512530346gaIBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
1345612530633ŋáIHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
2293932530510ŋa⁵⁵IHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.310
39275625301839ŋa⁵⁵IpronHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.410
13456325301299ŋáIHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
2294182530418ŋa⁵⁵IHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.300
3006602530630ŋa⁵⁵IHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
1345602530635ngalIHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
1345642530638ŋɔ⁵⁵IHaoni486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
22941925301416ŋɔ⁵⁵IHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.320
1345622530784ŋuɔ́IHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
39275725301840ŋɔ⁵⁵IpronHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.420
13320525301115ŋo⁶IMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL110
3081125301117ŋo⁶IMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM980
43657025301120ŋo⁶IMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
3081225301117ŋɑ⁴my, meMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM980
43656225301120ŋɑ⁴my / meMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
45925525301968ŋɔ55ISila486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Kato 08 LaoKT-LPDR2950
53295725302062ŋa³¹IPhu Kha756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Fried 00 PhuKhaRF-PK0
51773125301999ŋɑ˧1st sgLaze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze143130
39276025301843ŋə²¹IpronNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.450
2294172530908ŋə³¹INaxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.280
22939225301676ȵɑ³³INaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.290
2293962530311ŋo⁴²IBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.370
32604425301793ngɔ 3/4I / meBai (Dali)518Bai1Dell 81Dell-Bai2890
2293952530314ŋo³¹IBai (Dali)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.350
39276325301846ŋo²¹IpronBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0928.480
2294212530317ŋo³¹IBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC969.360
61209425302207I, myChinese (Hanzi)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129420
61208125302207we, IChinese (Hanzi)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129290
61561625302218I, meChinese (Hanzi)529Sinitic1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD20060
606419253022110002awe, IChinese (GSR #)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129290
606432253022110058fI, myChinese (GSR #)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129420
201952530480ŋoIChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST58f-i0
201642530480ŋɑ̂IChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST2a-g0
295522530474ngâIChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0700
2957002530471ngaIChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Baxter 92WHB-OC13690
2946292530471ngaIChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Baxter 92WHB-OC3240
2949672530471ngajʔIChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Baxter 92WHB-OC6350
295542530474ngoIChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0700
60271225302210ŋan {ŋa[n]}I, weChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201132960
60235825302210ŋˤaI, myChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129420
60234525302210ŋˤajʔwe, IChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129290
14246825301010IChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Evans 91ELS-CLL0
59419725302208we, IChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129290
59421025302208I, myChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201129420
3699125301011wuooIChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Sun J 85 ChGlJS-Ch3810

Chinese comparandum

吾 OC *ngo, GSR #58f-i ‘I, we’; Coblin 86:96-7 ST *ngaɣ > OC *ngag; Schuessler 2007:518 *ŋâ; B & S 2011: *ŋˁa; Mand. .
我 OC *ngɑ̂, GSR #2a-g ‘I, we’; Coblin 86:96-7 ST *ngay > OC *ngarx; Schuessler 2007:518 *ŋâi; B & S 2011: *ŋˁaj; Mand. .