1.0 The Body > 1.4 Torso > 1.4.8 Back > 1.4.8.1 Lower Back/Small of Back

#201 PTB *m-kal ⪤ *s-gal BACK (lower) / KIDNEY / LOAD / CARRY
Reconstructed mesoroots below:

The PKC etymon *khel (a meso-root of #202 PTB *(k/g)yal BACK (lower) / BUTTOCKS / HIPS) definitely seems related to this root, perhaps pointing to a PKC variant *k(y)al.

The meaning of this etymon ranges from KIDNEY / SMALL OF BACK to the notion of CARRY ON THE BACK / LOAD. There also seems to be a relationship with the widespread root #2355 PTB *m‑kul TWENTY / ALL, which perhaps indicates an original meaning like ‘a complete load; everything that can be placed on a beast of burden at one time.’

The original meaning of the graph 荷 of the Chinese comparandum was ‘lotus’, as witness its “grass radical”, but it came to be used as a loan character for the concept CARRY (in the Confucian Analects [Lún Yǔ 论语]) and for SUSTAIN (in the Zuǒ Zhuàn [左傳], one of the commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals).

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
8489201175m-|kalkidney*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9360
5292042012032m-|kalkidney / small of back / loins*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
71960201182m-|kalkidney*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC120
144659201,201180m-|kal ⪤ s-|gakidney / small of back*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
19689201174m-|kɑlkidney*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Chou 72ACST368h0
5149632012012s-|galload / burden*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB416, 4230
7698201175s-|gaːlloins*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
514964201,2012012s-|gaːl ⪤ m-|kalkidney / small of back / loins*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5900
351901201,4181820geː ɕiːspine / backbonenBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0134.240
159213201,418365gɛ-siːbackbone / spineBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155547201,m498*kʰe◦makidneyDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
150974201,418,p,238498geː-tsʰɯk ʔa-roːbackboneDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
5003282011920kalKIDNEY*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2970
4429362011926kâlkidneyThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2970
1446452011595kalkidneyTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
4429352011925kal¹kidneyTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2970
3139332011778kal¹kidneyTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5400
3031322011762kal¹kidneyTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC18n660
1172142011593ˊ |kalkidneyTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
3277102011794ˊkalkidneynTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
5311201,m291khãĩ-lãĩgroinAsho691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT4270
4429372011929pkaawykidneyKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2970
4429332011947kǎlkidneyLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2970
166046201976kalkidneyLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
117213201978kalkidneyLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144644201980kalkidneyLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
4429342011924kǎlkidneyLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2970
233483201982kǎlkidneyLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Løffler 85 PaaLL-PRPL0
3139322011779kalkidneyLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5400
69272201984kalkidneyLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC120
233482m,2011248ma◦kàlkidneyPaangkhua701.2.2Central Chin1Løffler 85 PaaLL-PRPL0
114212201,m,220871kei-khâ-rugroinLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
131745p,201805a◦kəkidneyKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ9.60
5242762012030mə-|keekidneySorbung721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Mortensen 11 SorbungMK-SorbungBodyParts.2940
692763324,2011021nam-galbackMaring111.3“Naga” Areal Group0Benedict 72 STCSTC120
1650343324,2011019nam◦halback (body)Maring111.3“Naga” Areal Group0Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
617527p,2012220o◦khükidneyLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Murry 78LLC-ALV650
166040201,m1364khü◦lingkidneySangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
6822p,201,m1363¹a²kɯ²liŋkidneySangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9360
166034201252mechekidneyAngami (Khonoma)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
167329p,201256(u) mi³¹kie⁵⁵kidneyAngami (Kohima)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 AngQVN-AngQ9.60
166035201254mechekidneyAngami (Kohima)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
167551p,201487(u) mi³¹ |ki³⁵kidneyChokri651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 ChoQVN-ChkQ9.60
4567201421²me⁵|kuloinsChokri651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
232689201,m796mecì◦(chɯ̵́)kidneyKhezha651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Yabu 94 KhöSY-KhozhaQ9.60
4568201785²me²|kuloinsKhezha651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
45692011016¹mo⁵|koloinsMao651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
4570p,2011337¹a¹ŋ²ga|loinsRengma (Northern)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
45652011338m-|kaʱgroinRengma (Southern)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
4563p,2011338²n¹n³khi|loinsRengma (Southern)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
166041p,201,m1382a◦ke◦lukidneySema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
343110p,201,m1803a◦khü◦lükidneySema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Achumi 98Qbp-Sumi9.60
343111p,201,m1803a◦mchi◦thikidneySema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Achumi 98Qbp-Sumi9.60
2555p,201,m1381¹a³khɯ³lɯkidneySema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT810
2345362011348məi |çikidneyRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Matisoff 94 RongJAM-Rong0
2345352011348məi |xikidneyRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Matisoff 94 RongJAM-Rong0
25521002,2011695³mi◦¹n⁴keu|kidneyZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT810
5290572012031kalkidney*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk6300
525418p,2012023ʔa-mə-|kejkidneyHuishu661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.2850
5249362012022mə-|kikidneyKachai661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.2670
166042p,2011471a◦makeikidneyTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
117215p,2011472ā◦makeikidneyTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
2551p,2011469¹ə¹mə²kəi|kidneyTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT810
620778m,201,m2024ŋ-ka-tχakidneyTusom661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.2780
528745p,2012025a-mə-|kejkidneyUkhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
692753324,201,3324,2011047nam-gal ⪤ nam-ganbackMeithei131.4Meithei1Benedict 72 STCSTC120
1446473324,201,3324,2011044nam-gal⪤nam-ganbackMeithei131.4Meithei1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
1144763324,2011042nam◦galbackMeithei131.4Meithei1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
105283324,2011040nəŋ◦gənbackMeithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei5.50
4562p,2011060iŋ◦hāi(ʔ)loins / inguinal hernia,bubo(GDWMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
5332292012064gəlback*Bodo-Garo161.7.1Bodo-Garo1Burling 59 PBoRB-PB4400
47688208,201880iang◦gulʔbackLalung [Tiwa]801.7.1.1Bodo1Balawan 65MB-Lal300
47636219,201880khan◦galʔwaistLalung [Tiwa]801.7.1.1Bodo1Balawan 65MB-Lal120
144648208,201574dźaŋ-galbackGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
69277208,201579džaŋ-galbackGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Benedict 72 STCSTC120
4561m,2011488³veŋ¹xʌl(ʔ)groinTangsa841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
2549p,2011488¹ʌ¹kʌl(ʔ)kidneyTangsa841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT810
2550201428gékidneyChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT810
128314201,s378khal◦makidneyBunan202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 BuSBN-BunQ9.60
541945201,m2108kha◦ʃa:kidneyn.Byangsi202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma 2003SRS-TBLUP4270
543004201,m2109kha-syakidneyChaudangsi202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP3450
544011201,m,m2110khə-dɔŋ-sɛkidneyDarma202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP3750
3377382011788khōwaistnKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
114153201732khōwaistKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
131387m,2011005bu◦kakidneyPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 MaSTP-ManQ9.60
117203201724khalkidneyKaike222.1.2Bodic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144652201725khalkidneyKaike222.1.2Bodic1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
62061201,s1098khe◦makidneyTsangla (Central)222.1.2Bodic1Egli-RodunerSER-HSLT35 14b0
193757201,s1092khɛː⁵⁵mᴀ⁵³kidneyTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC270.60
42039201,s1090kʰɛː⁵⁵ mᴀ⁵³kidneyTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
351883201,4181850ge³⁵tsiʔ⁵³spine / backbonenCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0134.060
352491201,s1848mkha mækidneynbpTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0146.050
351882201,4181848rga tshəkspine / backbonenTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0134.050
193144201,s1550hga waback (of body)Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC258.40
193756201,s1550kha makidneyTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC270.40
193732201,s1585mkha makidneyTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC270.50
36210201,s1584nkʰa-mækidneyTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo4120
12975201,418329gɛ⁵⁵ tʂhi⁵³backbone / spineTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Dai 89 BataDQ-Batang5.5.40
13066201,2812329khɛ⁵⁵ le⁵³kidneyTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Dai 89 BataDQ-Batang9.60
351880201,4181826ge⁵⁵tshiʔ⁵³spine / backbonenTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0134.030
352489201,s1826khe⁵⁵ma⁵³kidneynbpTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0146.030
117204201,s702'khal◦maqkidneyTibetan (Jirel)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
193731201,s1380khe⁵⁵ma⁵³kidneyTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC270.30
193755201,s1557khɛ⁵⁵ma¹³kidneyTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC270.20
352488201,s1815khɛ⁵⁵ma⁵⁵kidneynbpTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0146.020
351879201,4181815kɛ¹³tshi⁵²spine / backbonenTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0134.020
114493201,2251405kel◦dangqlower back / loins / lumbar regionSherpa242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
380352011575khalloadTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib4530
37638201,s1575khal.mabeast of burdenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib560
232754201,s1567kʻɑ́l-mɑbeast of burden, sumptermuleTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
144643201,s1574mk'al-makidneyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
352487201,s1804mkhal makidneynbpTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0146.010
193730201,s1582mkhal makidneyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC270.10
69271201,s1578mkhal-makidneyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC120
37994201,s1575mkhal.makidneyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib4120
166049201,s1564mkhal◦makidneyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
117196201,s1568mkʻal-makidneyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
349668201,s1804sgal pabacknTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0091.010
193118201,s1582sgal paback (of body)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC258.10
403765201,m,m1804sgal par khjercarry (a child) on the back)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1151.010
209285201,m,m1582sgal par ɦkhjercarry on backTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC575.10
114511201,m1568sgal-h̥dabssideTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
4560201,s1562sgal-pasmall of the backTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
114492201,s1568sgal-palower back / loins / lumbar regionTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144646201,s1574sgal-pasmall of backTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
69274201,s1578sgal-pasmall of the backTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC120
80466201,s1581sgal-pabackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Zhang Liansheng 88ZLS-Tib320
114242201,2321568sgal-rusbackbone / spineTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114243201,4181568sgal-tšigsbackbone / spineTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
37633201,s1575sgal.pasmall of the backTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib510
351878201,4181804sgaɬ tshigsspine / backbonenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0134.010
351881201,4181837ga tshəχspine / backbonenTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0134.040
352490201,s1837kha makidneynbpTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0146.040
127776m,201,2812436mir◦kay◦lokidneyChantyal232.1.4Tamangish1Noonan 92NPB-ChanQ9.60
114148201,m602kaT◦Tiwaist / lower backGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117197201,m602khā◦qikidneyGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
64710201,m604kʰa◦qikidneyGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur2.A.410
126188572,2011455¹kli-⁴kalanusnTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ9.120
117200201,s1527khu◦makidneyThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
67826201,s1531kʰu◦mɔkidneyThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak2.A.410
144653201756'kalkidneyKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
142719201307khalbileBahing302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK770
114253201,m,m644gaː◦ta◦tsobackbone / spineHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117206201445galkidneyChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144651201447galkidneyChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
2548201442gəlkidneyChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT810
4801582011977gəlkidneyn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
63396201449gəlkidneyChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep2.A.410
128087201452gəlkidneyChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ9.60
113800201,3334763'gāh-chumhipKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
12755201,3334766'gah◦chumhip (sides of)Kham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Watters 89 KhQDNW-KhamQ2.A.440
114742201,3334763'gāh◦chumhipKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
66824201,3334766'gah◦cʰumhip (sides of)Kham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Watters 89 KhQDNW-KhamQ2.A.440
117202201763'kalkidneyKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
12762201766kəlkidneyKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Watters 89 KhQDNW-KhamQ2.A.410
470367201,m1970khi◦wakidneyTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199727180
352502201,m1811khi⁵⁵mu̵⁵⁵kidneynbpGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0146.160
193762201,m1699khe⁵⁵lø⁵⁵kidneyQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC270.160
128488201,418560zgɛl⁵³ tsʰək⁵³backbone / spineErgong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ5.5.40
128603201,418560zgɛl⁵³ tsʰək⁵³vertebrae (of spine)Ergong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ8.4.20
130773201,418618zgɛl tsʰəkbackbone / spinerGyalrong (NW)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNWSHK-rGNWQ5.5.40
130884201,418618zgɛr tsʰəkvertebrae (of spine)rGyalrong (NW)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNWSHK-rGNWQ8.4.20
3500532011823kha⁵⁵waistnBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0098.270
1933152011428khɑ⁵⁵waistBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC261.400
4559201390khàloinsBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2870
114488201396khâlower back / loins / lumbar regionBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114141201396khâwaist / loinsBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144657201403khâloinsBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(1)0
439720201406khâloins, waist, small of backBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
114489201,3322396khâ-tuiŋlower back / loins / lumbar regionBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
171579201392khā:waistBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3500522011822kha³waistnBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0098.260
193289201411khɑ³waistBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC261.390
164704201393kʻā⁴waist / haunch / thighBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Luce 85GHL-PPBW.60
4525462011965kháwaistMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak410
117223201,1390229g'aw˯ si˯kidney (dial.)Akha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
6101802012207荷lotusChinese (Hanzi)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201110280
60451820122110001olotusChinese (GSR #)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201110280
620478201,201481gʼɑ̂/ɣɑ̂:carry, sustainChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR1o0
6004442012210gˤaj {[g]ˤaj}lotusChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201110280
5963702012209halotusChinese (Middle)549.0.2Middle Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201110280
5922962012208hélotusChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-201110280

Chinese comparandum

荷 OC *gʼɑ̂, GSR #1o ‘carry, sustain’; Schuessler 2007:275-6 *kâiʔ; Coblin 86:51-2 ST *gaƚ > OC *garx; B & S 2011: (*ɡˁaj {[ɡ]ˁaj}); Mand. hè.
可 OC *k’ɑ̂, GSR #1a-c ‘may, be able’; Coblin 86:51-2 ST *khaƚ > OC *kharx; Schuessler 2007:275-6 *khâiʔ; B & S 2011: *kʰˁajʔ {[k]ʰˁa[j]ʔ}; Mand. kě.