1.0 The Body > 1.1 Body Parts > 1.1.2 Life/Breathe/Exist > 1.1.2.2 Breath/Breathe

Chinese character; STC p.184; GSR 663 a-b.

#66 *sam ⪤ *sem-s BREATH / SPIRIT / HEART
rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
7703766168sjəmheart / mind*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (alternate reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH930
515841662012m-|sambreath / voice*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (alternate reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6120
14286766176samspirit, breath*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (alternate reconstructions)0Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
7704066183samheart / mind*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (alternate reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH930
515842662012sem-|ssoul / mind / heart / spirit / breath*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (alternate reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6120
14873366185səmbreath, voice, mind, heart, soul, spirit, thought, think*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (alternate reconstructions)0French 83WTF-PNN5670
3977866,230505sa⁵⁵ tʰu⁵³pulseDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
523766421⁵sabileChokri651.3.3Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT383a0
47260p,661063ing◦thínmind / locus of thoughtMikir141.5Mikir1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ230
47262p,661063ing◦thínheart / locus of emotionsMikir141.5Mikir1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ230
12835266378semheart / locus of emotionsBunan202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 BuSBN-BunQ14.20
128310m,66378šo◦šaheartBunan202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 BuSBN-BunQ9.30
1812366731semsoulKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 88 KnDS-Kan610
19095661262semheartPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
131438661005sèmmind / locus of thoughtPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 MaSTP-ManQ14.10
1909766,1647,m1262sem lep◦ilovev.Pattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
19096661262sem◦isoulPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
19098661262sem◦udesire, wishPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
36385661584sʰem dəgget sadTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo5870
3614966,s1584sʰem nbəheartTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo3510
76282661580sem(s)soul, spirit, mindTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Coblin 86WSC-SH930
172630661564semsspiritTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
166240661564semsmindTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
250953661564semsthinkTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
40131166,m,m,s1804sems mi skjid paboredTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Dai 92 TBLTBL1096.010
23318266,m1567sems-c̀ɑnanimated being / man / animalTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
3793366,s1575sems.buheartTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib3510
3816966,m1575sems.sdugget sadTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib5870
114628p,66894a-sómbreath / lifeLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
76286p,66901a-sómspirit, breathLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Coblin 86WSC-SH930
118721p,66,499894a-sóm lómwindpipe / tracheaLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117412p,66,68,3460894a-sóm n̊an lyan̊lungLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
11462666894sómbreath / lifeLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
8014966999sᴇn²mindManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangic1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man2490
20877661002³sẽmind / heartManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangic1Hoshi 84HM-Prak02440
21425661002³sẽmind / feelingManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangic1Hoshi 84HM-Prak07220
179572661003¹sẽmind / heartManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangic1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis9360
126347661455¹semfeelings, heart (figuratively)nTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangic1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ14.2, 14.30
179739661456¹semfeelings / soul / heart (fig.)Tamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangic1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis9600
67721661531sɔmheartThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak1.52.20
66992661531sɔm 'jɔh-wɔattractiveThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.690
67356661531sɔm 'jɔh-wɔdesirableThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.B.530
68235661531sɔm a-'jɔh-wɔrepulsiveThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.700
67372661531sɔm a-ki-wɔdiscontentThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.430
68525661531sɔm cjaŋ-pɔstingyThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.410
68290661531sɔm cʰjuŋ-lɔsad, beThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.B.3.170
67272661531sɔm ki-wɔcontentThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.420
66958661531sɔm lo-ki-nɔ 'lɔ-lɔamuseThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak11.B.1.160
67769661531sɔm nɔh-nɔ 'lɔ-lɔhurt (feelings)Thakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.B.1.740
67623661531sɔm sɔh-wɔgenerosityThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.A.50
67832661531sɔm sɔh-wɔkindnessThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.A.80
68289661531sɔm tuh-wɔsadThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.450
67639661531sɔm tʰe-wɔ 'lɔ-lɔgive inThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.B.1.430
66991661531sɔm-ce mɔhn-ci-wɔattentiveThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.140
67780661531sɔm-ri lehm kjaŋ-lɔimagineThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.B.2.200
67624661531sɔm-sɔh-wɔgenerousThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.A.400
66945661531sɔm◦ta 'kʰɔ-wɔagreementThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak11.A.420
67367661531sɔm◦ta a-'kʰɔ-wɔdisagreementThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak11.A.430
67900661531sɔm◦tɔ 'kʰɔ-lɔlikev.Thakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.B.3.100
17957066,66,661530ᴴsəm = ᴴsəm = sɔmheartThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis9360
17974166,66,661530ᴴsəm = ᴴsəm = sɔmheartThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangic1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis9600
62339661174sõlungNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw9.20
14287066129sambreath*Kiranti262.3Mahakiranti0Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
14285966544samspirit, mood, soulDumi292.3.2Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
14801266,m,1269547sam◦pheʔ◦lu1) the Omniscient Stone, one of several epithets for theDumi292.3.2Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
14287366544soːmbreathDumi292.3.2Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7230
7357666547soːmbreathDumi292.3.2Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
14287466,m,m544soːʔm◦kaʔ◦himbreathing, animateDumi292.3.2Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7230
7357166,m,m547soːʔm◦kaʔ◦himbreathing, respiring, animate.Dumi292.3.2Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
14287766821sombreath, steamKulung292.3.2Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7230
6186966822somˍbreath, steamKulung292.3.2Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
14361166821səmlungKulung292.3.2Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71140
6180766822səmˍlungKulung292.3.2Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
142875661542sambreath, steamThulung292.3.2Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7230
146986661545sambreath, steam, sound (of cymbals)Thulung292.3.2Kiranti1Allen 75NJA-Thulung0
4994566,s1545sam khet-breathev.Thulung292.3.2Kiranti1Allen 75NJA-Thulung0
14698766,m1545samceo<breath> weak respiration of a dying manThulung292.3.2Kiranti1Allen 75NJA-Thulung0
11465766,s1543sām◦abreath / lifeThulung292.3.2Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
14360866163somlung*SE Kiranti312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71140
79551b,66328phok◦solungBantawa312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant600
14286566323samvaporBantawa312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
14434066,b,67326som-phu-roklungBantawa312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTBld0
7957566,b,67328som◦pho◦roklungBantawa312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant650
14361266,b,67323som◦phu◦roklungBantawa312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71140
16882466,b,67323som◦pu◦roklungBantawa312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71140
14286366424samidea, soul, imageChamling312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
14286466,m424sam◦aispirit of clan ancestorChamling312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
7972866425syamheart / loveChamling312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Winter 85WW-Cham340
7973066,m425syam◦buluy*heartChamling312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Winter 85WW-Cham340
14286666912samsoul, spirit, ghostLimbu312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
7589766911somlungLimbu312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
11740466913somlungLimbu312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
14361366,66,s912soːmlungLimbu312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71140
132523661644sɔmlungYakha312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Kohn 90TK-Yakha9.20
13252466,m,66,m,s1644sɔʔ◦ma sɔ◦ma◦nabreathevYakha312.3.2.1Eastern Kiranti = Rai1Kohn 90TK-Yakha9.2.10
12279866299sambreathnBahing302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 BaBM-Bah0
14287166307sambreathBahing302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7230
7628566306sambreath, lifeBahing302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Coblin 86WSC-SH930
14360966,m,m307sœ◦pœ◦rœlungBahing302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71140
143465m,66307tsiː◦seintestinesBahing302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7970
12160966,m,m641hel◦duŋ◦mibreathnHayu302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 H2BM-Hay84.1440
11463266,m644hem◦cubreath / lifeHayu302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
12160566,m641hẽː◦kibreathnHayu302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 H2BM-Hay84.1440
11463166,m644hẽ◦khibreath / lifeHayu302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
14287666754'sombreath, lifeKhaling302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7230
11463466755'sombreath / lifeKhaling302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
14286166754sämsteam, vapor, essenceKhaling302.3.2.2Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7220
128698m,66,66,m560ftse³³ sem⁵³ ~ sem⁵³ ɕʰəkheart / locus of emotionsErgong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ14.20
1369266559seŋheartErgong (Daofu)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 89 DaofDQ-Daofu9.30
1372666559sheŋheart / locus of personalityErgong (Daofu)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 89 DaofDQ-Daofu14.30
330951661797semheart (abstract)Caodeng353.3rGyalrongic1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
414383661806səm nor kɐ lɐtrecall / recollectv.rGyalrong (Maerkang)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 92 TBLTBL1388.110
413870661806səm nɟjot kɑ pɑregretv.rGyalrong (Maerkang)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 92 TBLTBL1376.110
380378661806səm zdəkpain / agonynrGyalrong (Maerkang)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 92 TBLTBL0688.110
402359661806səm zdəksadrGyalrong (Maerkang)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 92 TBLTBL1120.110
430097661806səm◦mnot kɑpɑthinkv.rGyalrong (Maerkang)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 92 TBLTBL1726.110
14167p,66606tə-sɛmheart / locus of emotionsrGyalrong353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong14.20
331763p,661797tə-sɛm mɐ-kə-vdesadCaodeng353.3rGyalrongic1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
130319p,66,m616wu◦səm kəwudənheart / locus of emotionsrGyalrong (Eastern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 rEQSHK-rGEQ14.20
329601661796sem lomindrGyalrong353.3rGyalrongic1Nagano 97 GyQGyarong.Nag14.10
332674p,661799tə-səm kə-bdəcarefreerGBenzhen353.3rGyalrongic1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
193873m,66696pe³³sɯ³³heartJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.340
3885866310sẽ⁵⁵heartBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
19384966311sẽ⁵⁵heartBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.370
3899166313ɕi³⁵heartBai (Dali)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
19384866314ɕi³⁵o⁴⁴heartBai (Dali)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.350
3913366316ɕĩ⁵⁵heartBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
352432661846ɕĩ⁵⁵heartnBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.480
19387466317ɕĩ⁵⁵heartBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.360
8085166309ɕĩ⁵⁵heartBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai9.30
8093966,m309ɕĩ⁵⁵ kʰo³³heart / locus of emotionsBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai14.20
8085266,m309ɕĩ⁵⁵ tɕʰuæ̱⁴⁴heartbeatBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai9.3.10
8094066,m309ɕĩ⁵⁵ ŋṽ̩⁵⁵heart / locus of emotionsBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai14.20
8094166,m309ɕĩ⁵⁵ ŋṽ̱ˌ⁴²heart / locus of emotionsBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai14.20
7703866478sjəmheart / mindChinese (Old)5310.0.1Old Chinese0Coblin 86WSC-SH930
2041766480si̯əmheartChinese (Old/Mid)5310.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST663a-b0
7703966468sjəmheartChinese (Middle)5410.0.2Middle Chinese0Coblin 86WSC-SH930
3696166,m1011shin◦tzahngheartChinese (Mandarin)5510.0.3Modern Chinese0Sun J 85 ChGlJS-Ch3510
142454661010xīnheartChinese (Mandarin)5510.0.3Modern Chinese0Evans 91ELS-CLL 1

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Chinese character