Allofams:
1.0 The Body > 1.7 Internal Organs > 1.7.1 Heart

#251 PTB *s/k-niŋ BRAIN / HEART / MIND

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

Note the appearance of this root in the Lepcha form for ‘sperm’: nyiŋ (bam‑lyan̊) ‘(abode of the) soul’.

This root is distinct but closely related to #297 PTB *s‑ni HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB and #1385 PTB *s/k‑nik HEART / MIND. In general it is more ‘hearty’, while #297 PTB *s‑ni is more ‘chesty’.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
77033251168nyingheart / kind*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH920
60712251181s-niŋ|brain*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB490
7464251175s-|niŋmind / soul / self*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1250
7690251175s-|niŋheart / mind*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2820
143648251176s-|niŋmind*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71180
143653251176s-|niŋmind*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71190
144571251180s-|niŋheart / brains / mind*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB0
72317251182s-|niŋheart, mind*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC3670
515557251,13852012s-|niŋ ⪤ s-|nikheart / mind / brain*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6040
151702p,251285a-ñíŋbreastApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
71247251985niŋheartLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC3670
1723551381,2511347lüng◦ningmindRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1658651381,2511347lüng◦ningheartRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
172363m,251,m1694ka◦ning◦bemindZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
5289292512031niŋthink / soul*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk4910
5291752512031niŋmind / think*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk7670
525455m,2512023ʔa-nɐŋmind / locus of thoughtHuishu661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.3490
525087m,m,2512022kə-pʰə-nɐŋthinkv.t.Kachai661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkVerbs.0170
1723612511471ningmindTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3060232511470niŋmindTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Bhat 69 TNVBhat-TNV920
621053m,m,2512024kʰə-pʰə-nɯə̃thinkv.Tusom661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkVerbs.0180
620821m,2512024ʔɯ-nɯə̃mindTusom661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.3430
526662m,m,2512025kə-pʰə-niŋthinkUkhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
2526422511041ning◦thinawell (adv)Meithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
172368164,2511041puk◦ningmindMeithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165878164,2511041puk◦ningheartMeithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
10705164,2511040puk◦niŋheart / locus of personalityMeithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei14.30
114938p,251,p,m1064a◦ning◦ar◦lochestMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
471842511063nēngheartMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ1130
1653792511062ningchestMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1723692511062ningmindMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1149372511064ningchestMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
472632511063nīngheart / locus of emotionsMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ0
470402511063nīngbreastMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ113a0
471832511063nīngheartMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ113a0
472612511063nīngmind / locus of thoughtMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ113a0
468822511063nīng|bosomMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ113a0
116208251,p,3631064ning◦ang◦michest hairMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114939251,2891064ning◦thangchestMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1445692511066niŋheart, mindMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB0
589922511067niŋheart, mindMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB490
712482511068niŋheart, mindMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Benedict 72 STCSTC3670
28122511060nīŋ(ʔ)mind / soul / selfMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1250
45192511060nīŋ(ʔ)heart / mindMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2820
2813251568taniŋbrainGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1250
58990251578tanəŋbrainGaro811.7.1.2Garo1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB490
144568251574təniŋbrainsGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB0
71250251579təniŋbrainsGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3670
145056m,m,251581sko-ta-ningbrainGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
145059386,251581sku-taningbrainGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
145066m,251581ta-ningbrainGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
467870p,2511945ta-ningbrainnGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 03 GaroRB-LMMG6.27-II:idx0
114598251,1745671ning³¹◦soi³³breath / lifeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
303379251736stiŋheartKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Benedict 72 STCSTC35n1170
131232m,2511005Tu◦NiŋlapPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 MaSTP-ManQ1.80
18495m,2511262ʈu◦ɳilapPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
395632511093neŋ⁵⁵heartTshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
420562511090niŋ⁵³heartTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
1938592511092niŋ⁵³heartTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.60
3523902511850niŋ⁵⁵heartnCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.060
3523892511848rȵ̥aŋheartnTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.050
4021772511848rȵ̥aŋ rdʑepitiable / pitifulTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1116.050
1938582511550hȵaŋheartTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.40
1938342511585rȵ̥aŋheartTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.50
2918772511586sniŋheartTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975770
13060251329ȵ̥i⁵⁵heartTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Dai 89 BataDQ-Batang9.30
13061251329ȵ̥i⁵⁵heartbeatTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Dai 89 BataDQ-Batang9.3.10
3523872511826ȵĩ⁵⁵heartnTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.030
114624251,m702'nyeː◦pākqbreath / lifeTibetan (Jirel)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1938332511380ȵin⁵⁵heartTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.30
430186m,2511815tʂu¹³ ȵiŋ⁵⁵ tø¹³²want (to go)v.Tibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1728.020
3523862511815ȵiŋ⁵⁵heartnTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.020
1938572511557ȵiŋ⁵⁵heartTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.20
223182251,m,s1557ȵiŋ⁵⁵-tɕe¹³po⁵³beautifulTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC847.20
401178251,m,s1815ȵiŋ⁵⁵tɕe¹³po⁵⁵beautiful / pleasant to the eyesTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1093.020
402174251,m1815ȵiŋ⁵⁵tɕi⁵⁵pitiable / pitifulTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1116.020
1268792511407ningheartTibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bishop 89B-ShrpaHQ9.30
2657432511402ning◦ǰekindnessnTibetan (Sherpa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN10a.080
1270932511426ñiŋheartSpiti242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bodh 91CB-SpitiQ9.30
1270942511426ñiŋ dapceheartbeatSpiti242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bodh 91CB-SpitiQ9.3.10
1658802511564sñiṅheartTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2448982511564sñiṅ brtselovevTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
589912511577sńiŋbrainTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB490
762802511580snyingheart, mindTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Coblin 86WSC-SH920
150175251,m1570snying-rjekindness / mercyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 93 PCJAM-II0
28142511562snyiŋheart / mindTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1250
1648722511565snyiŋheartTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Luce 85GHL-PPBX.1530
1445672511574snyiŋheart, mindTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB0
712432511578snyiŋheart, mindTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC3670
223157251,m,s1582sȵin rdze pobeautifulTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC847.10
3523852511804sȵiŋheartnTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.010
804872511581sȵiŋheartTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Zhang Liansheng 88ZLS-Tib510
1938322511582sȵiŋheartTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.10
402173251,m1804sȵiŋ rdʑepitiable / pitifulTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1116.010
401177251,m,s1804sȵiŋ rdʑe pobeautiful / pleasant to the eyesTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1093.010
3523882511837hȵaŋheartnTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.040
4021762511837hȵaŋ dʑepitiable / pitifulTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1116.040
118493251,m,m894nyiŋ (bam-lyan̊)semen; sperma genitale viri / mulierisLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
71245251,s918niŋ-waheartLimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Benedict 72 STCSTC3670
3039382511731nieŋheartTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Benedict 72 STCSTC79n2420
2349452511495nǐeɦheart (psyche)Tangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Nishida 64 TanNT-SGK1860
2346372511494nǐeɦheart (psyche)Tangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Nishida 64 TanNT-SGK88-0110
177392511491nǐɛheartTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Dai 89 XixiDQ-Xixia9.30
4702002511970nji̱jheart, mindTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199725180
4696002511970nju̱ (nju)happyTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199718210
1321772511493nɪ̯e¹heartTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Sofronov 97MVS-Grin0
128768251562sɿ⁵⁵ ȵi⁵⁵|heartErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ErsQSHK-ErsCQ0
193865251561sɿ⁵⁵|ȵi⁵⁵heartErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.180
129979251,s1146ȵi³³mi⁵⁵heartNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 NamQSHK-NamuQ9.30
193840251,s1147ȵi³³mi⁵⁵heartNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.190
206182251,s1147ȵi³³mi⁵⁵courageNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC514.190
352430251,s1844ȵi³³mi⁵⁵heartnNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.460
4304732511844ȵi³³mi⁵⁵ ɑ³³tsɿ⁵⁵mu⁵⁵careful, be / cautiousv.Namuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1734.460
380413251,m,18491844ȵi³³mi⁵⁵nguo⁵³pain / agonynNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0688.460
352401251,s1812ȵɛ⁵³mi³³heartnXumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.170
131038251,s1408ȵɛ⁵⁵ mi³³heartXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ShiQSHK-ShixQ0
193866251,s1409ȵɛ⁵⁵mi³³heartXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.200
3523982511809n̥ɛ¹³heartnZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.140
3524352511809ʂnɛ¹³heartnZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.140
555099p,2512139'tə◦sneheartrGyalrong (Ganzi Seda Geletuo Naoluocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
3317642511797sni kɐ-zdəksadCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
303936p,251611te◦ṣńitheartrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Benedict 72 STCSTC79n2420
576385p,2512184tǝ-ʃnᴇheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
570894p,2512173tǝ33 sɲi44heartrGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (B))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
352395p,2511806tə ʃnᴇheartnrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.110
193862p,2511340tə ʃnᴇheartrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.120
14124p,251606tə ɕȵᴇheartrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong9.30
14125p,251606tə ɕȵᴇheartbeatrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong9.3.10
574698p,2512180tə'◦sneheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Kangshan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
575513p,2512182tə'◦sneʔheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Ribu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
570452p,2512172tə'◦sniheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
572497p,2512175tə'◦sniheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
572910p,2512176tə'◦sniʔheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
575111p,2512181tə'◦sŋiheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Longerjia)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
550959p,2512125tə'◦ʃneheartrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Banshanmen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
555509p,2512140tə'◦ʃneheartrGyalrong (Heishui Luhua)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
555925p,2512141tə'◦ʃneheartrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
556747p,2512143tə'◦ʃneheartrGyalrong (Hongyuan Rangkou Jiadang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
566736p,2512165tə'◦ʃneheartrGyalrong (Lixian Xinglong Kechun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
575932p,2512183tə'◦ʃneheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman Seermi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
565081p,2512161tə'◦ʃneʔheartrGyalrong (Lixian Miyalo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
560585p,2512150tə'◦ʃniheartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Jimu Zhouchan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
561000p,2512151tə'◦ʃniheartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Kalajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
561415p,2512152tə'◦ʃniheartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Maerbang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
562648p,2512155tə'◦ʃniheartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Sawajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
564264p,2512159tə'◦ʃniheartrGyalrong (Lixian Guergou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
564670p,2512160tə'◦ʃniheartrGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
565499p,2512162tə'◦ʃniʔheartrGyalrong (Lixian Putou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
557159p,2512144tə'◦ʃnjeheartrGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
581286p,2512194tə'◦ʃnjeheartrGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
582113p,2512196tə'◦ʃnjeheartrGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
582531p,2512197tə'◦ʃnjeheartrGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
553451p,2512135tə'◦ʃnjeʔheartrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
562239p,2512154tə'◦ʃnəheartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Maori Maori)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
577996p,2512186tə'◦ʃnᵉiheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Zhuokeji Xisuo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
567136p,2512167tə'◦ʃnⁱeheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Baiwan Muerji)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
556336p,2512142tə'◦ʃȵeheartrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo Muchang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
567552p,2512168tə'◦ʃȵeheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Benzhen Yingbolo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
563870p,2512158tə'◦ʂʃniheartrGyalrong (Lixian Ganbao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
330952p,2511797tə-sniheart (organ)Caodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
569258p,2512169tə22 ɕne44heartrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
548506p,2512120tə22ʂȵje44heartrGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Leilecun Duoguozu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
561825p,2512153tə³ʃni³heartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
563462p,2512157tə³ʃni³heartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Wanlin Xilizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
566322p,2512164tə³ʃni³heartrGyalrong (Lixian Xiameng Xiaogoucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
560170p,2512149tə³ʃni⁵heartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Hedong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
565910p,2512163tə³ʃȵe³heartrGyalrong (Lixian Shangmeng Rajipu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
130903p,251618tə◦sneheartrGyalrong (NW)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNWSHK-rGNWQ9.30
130904p,251,m618tə◦sne kəmpʰar̥heartbeatrGyalrong (NW)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNWSHK-rGNWQ9.3.10
130579p,251617tə◦sniheartrGyalrong (Northern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNQSHK-rGNQ9.30
130258p,251616tə◦ʃneheartrGyalrong (Eastern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rEQSHK-rGEQ9.30
130259p,251,m616tə◦ʃne kəmtsakheartbeatrGyalrong (Eastern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rEQSHK-rGEQ9.3.10
206204p,2511340tə◦ʃnᴇcouragerGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC514.120
573353p,2512177tɯ◦sniheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (B))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
574280p,2512178tɪˈ◦ʃnʊheartrGyalrong (Maerkang Jiamuzu Konglong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
550527m,2512124wu35'ʃni53heartrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
557568p,2512145ə³ʃni⁵heartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
557975p,2512146ə³ʃni⁵heartrGyalrong (Jinchuan Dusong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
550071m,2512123ˊme ʃȵiheartrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Qiongshan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
549367p,2512122ˊtə ɕniheartrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Munashan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD01130
333094p,2511799tə-ʃneʔheartrGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
333923p,2511798tə́-sneheart (organ)Shili783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 ShiJS-Shili0
62423251,1381267ñi⁵⁵ ɹɯm³¹heartAnong384Nungic1Sun J 88 AnoSHK-Anong0
501551251,13811982nə◦rɯm³¹heartRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang1610
144570p,2511202ə◦niŋbrainsAnong384Nungic1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB0
58989p,2511203ə◦niŋbrainAnong384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB490
71249p,2511205ə◦niŋbrainsAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC3670
352405251,13811817ȵi³¹ɹɯm³¹heartnNung384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.210
4153142511817ȵi⁵⁵ɳɑŋ⁵⁵envyv.Nung384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1410.210
193878251,1381269ȵi⁵⁵ɹɯm³¹heartAnong384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.440
40225251,247540nuŋ³¹◦kɯ³¹lĕʔ⁵⁵|brainTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
58988251,247541nuŋ³¹◦kɯ³¹leʔ⁵⁵|brainTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB490
167912251146s-|niŋheart*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR146(b)0
38586251,1381201n̥u⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵heartAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
38447251,1381204ȵ̥a⁵⁵ lum³¹heartAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
352412251,13811824ȵ̥a⁵⁵lum³¹heartnAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.280
193851251,1381200ȵ̥a⁵⁵lum³¹heartAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.410
15862251,s,m958ȵi̱⁴⁴ mo³³heartbeatLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Dai 89 LoloDQ-Lolopho9.3.10
17795251,s,m585ŋˌ³⁵ma³³mɛ³³heartGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 87 GazhDLF-Gazhuo0
9762p,2511164a⁵⁵ ȵi²¹breastNesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.40
15925251,s1661nɛ̱³³ mo³¹heartYi (Lishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 87 GazhDLF-Gazhuo0
193180p,251,2761662ᴀ³³nɯ³³pi⁵⁵breastYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC259.250
193206p,2511663ᴀ⁵⁵nɛ²¹breastYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC259.260
43812251,s1665mu̪³³ mɑ³³heartYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 85 YiJZJZ-Yi0
193842251,s1666m̩(u̪)³³mɑ³³heartYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.230
33731251,s,251,s214ni-|mo |44-|22heartAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR146(a)0
163429251,s,276848niː◦ma◦[puiː]breast; chest; heartLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Luce 85GHL-PPBU.90
131872p,2511379A³³ni³³breastSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84YHJC-Sani0
337322511368ṇ |44heartSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR146(a)0
16931251,s1365n̩⁴⁴ mɑ³³heartSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Ma 89 SanQMXL-SaniQ323.30
16932251,s,276,m1365n̩⁴⁴ mɑ³³ pɪ⁴⁴ be⁴heartbeatSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Ma 89 SanQMXL-SaniQ323.40
17087m,251,m1365ɑ⁴⁴ n̩³³ mɑ³³breastSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Ma 89 SanQMXL-SaniQ368.10
283857m,251,m1223ɑ⁴⁴n̩³mɑ³³breastSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.40
51228251,s344nɨŋ◦baheartBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Beaudouin 88 BisuPB-Bisu140
236185251,s338nɯŋ baheartBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo0
33739251,s341nɯŋ-baheartBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR146(b)0
142041251,s,1019346nɯŋ◦ba(sɯ̀)heartBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
77034251100njingheart / kind"Pre-Chinese"529Sinitic1Coblin 86WSC-SH920
77035251478njinkind / goodChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Coblin 86WSC-SH92 1

Chinese comparandum

仁 OC *ni̯ĕn, GSR #388fg ‘kind, good’; Coblin 1986:92 (Sinitic) *njing, (Old Chin.) *njin; B & S 2011: *niŋ {*ni[ŋ]}; Mand. rén.


^ 1.
Coblin (p.92) argues for the semantic connection between this Chinese etymon and the TB root by citing the English expression ‘have a heart.’