2.0 Animals and Animal Verbs > 2.2 Other Animals > 2.2.4 Birds (in general)

#2393 PTB *g-la(ŋ/k) FALCON, VULTURE, EAGLE, KITE, HAWK, BIRD OF PREY

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

This root seems certainly to be an old loanword from Mon-Khmer. For details, see STC p. 72, n. 225. It has also been borrowed into Chinese and Hmong-Mien. See HPTB p. 263.

Both Karenic and Jingpho have binomes of the form laŋ + da, the latter element of obscure origin.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
5153292393,23932012g-|laŋ ⪤ g-|lakeagle / vulture / falcon / bird of prey*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5990
51498423932012glaŋeagle / vulture / falcon / bird of prey*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5900
768992393183lang (*B)falcon / eagle*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH760
76272393175laŋeagle*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
722822393182laŋvulture / hawk / falcon*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
199982393174lɑŋeagle / falcon*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Chou 72ACST890c0
36209023931819glɑ̆ŋ⁵³kite (black-eared) / hawknKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0328.230
36214223931819glɑ̆ŋ⁵³sparrow hawknKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0329.230
2564382393790kalanghawkKhoirao641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4042m,2393905ka-lẽŋeagleLiangmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
256186m,2393906ka◦lengeagleLiangmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2564422393,m1018lang◦mauhawkMaram641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
52904323932031laaŋraptor*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk6130
2564492393,m1471lang◦pophawkTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4040m,23931469¹khə¹laŋeagleTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
620533m,23932024kʰ-lɯə̃eagleTusom661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkAnimals.1380
526915m,23932025kʰə-lɐŋeagleUkhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
256455m,2393,m1041te◦lang◦ahawkMeithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2562081603,2471,2393,m1062vo◦mu◦lang◦lopieagleMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
762451604,2393,m359dau-leng-aeagleBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Coblin 86WSC-SH760
710931604,2393,m358dau-leŋ-aeagleBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
199961604,2393,m348dɑu-leŋ-ɑeagleBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Chou 72ACST890c0
710941604,2393534dau-liŋkiteDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
762441604,2393580do-rengfalcon, kiteGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Coblin 86WSC-SH760
199951604,2393567do-reŋfalcon / kiteGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Chou 72ACST890c0
710921604,2393579do-reŋfalcon, kiteGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
4659971604,23931945do•-renghawknGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 03 GaroRB-LMMG4.43-II:idx0
787202393161laːŋeagle / hawk*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN4800
25619023931188laeagleNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
25644423931188lahawkNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
403423931187¹laeagleNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
403523931488³laŋeagleTangsa841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
256437p,2393429au◦luhawkChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
256439p,2393807au◦lanhawkKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2561852393,m807lang◦taeagleKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4036m,2393810ʌuˇ-lɛŋeagleKonyak (Tamlu)851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
488063m,23931978a³³læŋ⁵⁵eaglePhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Burling 98 PhomBP-PPWL0
2561932393,m1281lang◦taeaglePhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
710872393685gəlaŋeagle, kite, hawkJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
199902393666gəlɑŋeagle / kite / hawkJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Chou 72ACST890c0
2564532393669kalanghawkJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
334078m,2393679kă³la³³eagleJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
187275m,2393690kă³³la³³eagleJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.470
256203m,2393669ka◦langeagleJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
31805m,2393676kə◦lāŋeagle / vultureJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB2380
762412393687langbird of the falcon familyJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Coblin 86WSC-SH760
2562042393,m669lang◦daeagleJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
710862393685laŋbird of the falcon familyJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
710882393,m,2393,m685laŋ-da ⪤ laŋ-daŋvultureJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
3621382393,m1814laŋ³¹mut³¹sparrow hawknJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0329.190
3621882393,m1814laŋ³¹ta³¹eagle / vulturenJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.190
199892393666lɑŋbird of falcon familyJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Chou 72ACST890c0
4039m,2393667¹gə²laŋeagleJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
4522202393,m1964láŋ◦dáhawkSak401.7.3.2Asakian1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak305-1b0
36217423931848ɣlakeagle / vulturenTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.050
3600623931584hlageagleTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo2080
36217223931826laʔ⁵³eagle / vulturenTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.030
39651623931815la⁵²eagle / vulturenTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.020
362171m,23931815tɕhap¹³la⁵²eagle / vulturenTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.020
232800m,23931567byɑ-glɑ́geagle / vultureTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
25621023931564glageagleTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3779023931575glageagleTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib2080
30378223931578glageagle, vultureTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC72n2250
36217023931804glageagle / vulturenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.010
7622223931580glageagle, vultureTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Coblin 86WSC-SH690
23279923931567glɑgeagle / vultureTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
233232m,23931567rgyɑb-glɑ́geagleTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
36217323931837hlaχeagle / vulturenTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.040
2698572393759'gā:hawknKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN03a.0210
1872862393561hkɛ⁵⁵eagleErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.180
1872602393595xɑ⁵³eagleGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.170
1872592393,m1136tɕɔ⁵⁵gi⁵³eagleMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.150
18726123931147kɑ³⁵eagleNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.190
3622152393,m1844kæ³³na⁵³eagle / vulturenNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.460
3621782393,m,m1853la¹³dzi¹³khɛ¹³eagle / vulturenPumi (Lanping)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.090
18725823931306tʂɑ¹³eaglePumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.110
18728223931309tʂɛ³⁵eaglePumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.100
18728123931320χlueagleQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.80
507177m,m,23931997á tʂhì làsparrow hawkQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang4070
50717523931997làkite, hawkQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang4060
5071792393,m,m1997là bʐà kíeagle, vultureQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang4080
5071782393,m1997lá (bʐà)eagle, vultureQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang4080
18725723931323χuɑ⁵⁵eagleQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.90
18728523931699tʂhɛ⁵³eagleQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.160
36218223931808xɕe⁵⁵eagle / vulturenQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.130
18728723931409ke⁵⁵eagleXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.200
187284m,2393557wu laeagleErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.140
36213123931807ɣlasparrow hawknDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0329.120
5017762393,m,m1982laŋ³¹ gi⁵³ sɯn³³sparrow hawkRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang3780
5017742393,m1982lɑŋ³¹ dɑ³¹black-eared kite, hawkRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang3760
3621962393,m1823lĩ⁵⁵jõ²²eagle / vulturenBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.270
3622462393,m1823lĩ⁵⁵tɑ⁵³vulture (cinereous)nBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0331.270
76243m,2393,m410hrwe-làng-táeagleBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Coblin 86WSC-SH760
71090m,2393,m409hrwe-làŋ-táeagleBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
19993m,2393,m388hrwe-lɑ̀ŋ-tɑ̀eagle (=golden vulture)Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Chou 72ACST890c0
762422393,m410làng-távultureBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Coblin 86WSC-SH760
4383082393406lâŋ-vulture; heron; birdBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
40332393,m390làŋ-távultureBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2430
710892393,m409làŋ-távultureBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
318062393,m401lâŋ-ta'eagle / vultureBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB2380
710912393,m409làŋ-yunspecies of hawkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC3330
3621952393,m1822lɑŋ³jun²eagle / vulturenBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.260
3622452393,m1822lɑŋ³tɑ¹vulture (cinereous)nBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0331.260
199922393,m388lɑ̀ŋ-tɑ̀vultureBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Chou 72ACST890c0
199942393,m388lɑ̀ŋ-yunspecies of hawkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Chou 72ACST890c0
2343832393,m,2393,m653làŋ◦tà, nàŋ◦tàvultureHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
3621522393,m1830laŋ³³ta̱³³sparrow hawknLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0329.330
4531992393,m1965láŋ◦dǎhawkMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak305-1b0
3621992393,m1827laŋ²¹ta²¹eagle / vulturenAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0330.300
3622492393,m1827laŋ²¹ta²¹vulture (cinereous)nAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0331.300
5175282393,m,s1999qɑ˥nɑ˧mie˥eagleLaze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze136520
5132072393,m,s1998kɤ˩nɑ˧mi˧eagleNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
1872662393,m,s1676kə³¹nɑ³³mi³³eagleNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC143.290
52959823932038hlaŋᴬ/|ᴮ |k-|daɁᴰvulture*Karen507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
52979823932039laN⁴|kaɁ²|thaɁ¹vulture*Karen [Burling]507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53118023932044lə³³|da⁵⁵vultureBwe507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53092823932043lɛ¹¹|ta³³vultureKayah507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53148623932045la¹¹|ta³³vultureKayaw507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53033623932041lɔŋ³³|taɁ⁴⁵vulturePa-O (Southern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53007223932040lɛŋ⁵⁵|taɁ⁴⁵vulturePa-O (Northern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53238123932048lɛ̃³⁵|kaɁ²¹|thaɁ²¹vulturePwo (Northern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53267623932049lɔ̃⁵³|kaɁ²¹|thaɁ⁴⁵vulturePwo (Southern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53209623932047lɔ³³kə¹¹¨ta¹¹¨vultureSgaw (Southern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170
53179723932046lɔ³³|kə¹¹|taɁ²¹vultureSgaw (Northern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK3170

Chinese comparandum

鷹 OC *ʔi̯əng, GSR #890a-c ‘eagle, falcon’; Coblin 86:76 *lang; Schuessler 2007:574 *ʔəŋ; B & S 2011: *qəŋ {[q](r)əŋ}; Mand. yīng.

There is an apparent Chinese doublet with stopped final: OC *di̯ək ~ *i̯ək ‘hawk, kite’ (see STC n. 225, p. 72). Cf. also #7343 PKar *lekᴰ HAWK / EAGLE.